HOME REMEDIES FOR TEETH WHITENING

HOME REMEDIES FOR TEETH WHITENING

Strawberries: Rub strawberries to your teeth or make a paste out of it. Let it be for some time and then you can simply rinse off or brush your teeth.
Basil: Mix the dried or powdered basil with mustard oil/orange peel for brushing your teeth. Make a paste and use it every day to brush your teeth.
Banana peels: Next time you have banana do not throw away the peel. Instead rub the banana peel on your teeth for 2-3mins. After 5-20mins brush your teeth with regular toothpaste. You can practice this thrice a week to get instant white teeth.
Fruits: Fruits like lemon, orange, strawberry, tomatoes can be applied on the teeth. Cut any of them into pieces and rub on the teeth for 1-2mins. Keep it for some time and later rinse it. This will cleanse and whiten your teeth.
Baking soda: Prepare a paste by adding some water and a pinch of salt to baking soda. Use this to brush your teeth normally and then rinse out your mouth well removing all the baking soda.

HOW TO DISCOVER ORIGINAL HONEY
HOW TO DISCOVER ORIGINAL HONEY
Drop honey in a cup and put water, if it’s real honey it stays down.
View honey form a bottle, if its pure honey it gives your golden colour.
Drop honey on a plain paper, if its pure honey it will not wet the back of the paper.

IMPOTENCY (ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION) / IMPOTENT IN MEN

IMPOTENCY (ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION) / IMPOTENT IN MEN
IMPOTENT IN MEN: Men who suffer from impotent should go for medical test to rule out pile, diabetes, STDs.
Treatment:
Root of aloe vera
Bottle of gin

PROCEDURE:
Cut the aloe vera into pieces, suck it with the bottle of gin for 10 days, after which you now add two bottles of water.
Dosage: 1 short, two times daily.

CAUSES OF BLEEDING GUM AND REMEDY FOR IT.

BLEEDING GUMS
Bleeding gums is a condition which occurs due to gum infection, poor oral hygiene or it may be caused use to certain internal infection. Bleeding in the gums generally happens while brushing your teeth or when you bite a hard raw fruit.
Home remedies for bleeding gums
Saline mouth wash:
Take one glass warm water and add ½ tea spoon common salt to it. Use this water for mouth was after brushing your teeth. It helps to remove swelling and pain in bleeding gums.
Alum mouth wash:
Dissolve ¼ tea spoon alum powder in half a glass of water. Use it for mouth wash after meals to remove food particles from gums and to treat bleeding gums.
Lemon mouth wash:
Squeeze half a lemon in one glass of water and use it to rinse your mouth after meals. It is an excellent mouth freshener and it helps in arresting bleeding in gums.
Henna mouth wash:
Boil a handful of fresh henna leaves in 500ml. water strain and cool the water and use it for mouth rinsing after meals and at bed time to treat bleeding gums.

BLEEDING PILES (HEMORRHOIDS)
Piles results when the anal canal becomes swollen or inflamed.

CAUSES OF BLEEDING PILES
Causes of bleeding piles include; Obesity, Genetic influence, inadequate fiber intake, persistent diarrhea, constipation, Anal intercourse pregnancy and labor.

SYMPTOMS OF BLEEDING PILES
The symptoms of pile include; Skin Irritation, Pain, Itching, and Bleeding

BLEEDING PILES NATURAL REMEDY
INGREDIENTS: Lizard egg, palm oil, scent leaves, bitter leaves, water.
PREPARATION: Fry lizard eggs with palm oil until the eggs burst in the fry pan then stir the content and apply into anus later at night before going to bed. Also, squeeze out the liquid in bitter leaves and scent leaves with water.
DOSAGE: Take 1 glass of the squeezed out bitter leaves and scent leaves water mixture, 2 times daily for 2 weeks.

CAUTION: Warm the fried lizard egg every morning to avoid germs and also drink fresh prepared scent leaves and bitter leaves any time you want to take it. Please do not eat the fried lizard egg.

ALTERNATIVELY: Grind some mango kernel and lick it twice a day for one week.

WHAT OUR BODY FACE AND SOLUTION TO IT

BACKACHE
Back ache is one of the most widespread health problems that not only affects the elderly or middle aged people, but also young people who are burdened with long working hours or lead a very busy lifestyle. The pain may become unbearable and excruciating at times and restrict the sufferer from bending forward or sideward.
Home remedy for backache
Basil leaves: Basil leaves is another great remedy for curing back ache. Boil 10-20 basil leaves in a cup of water till it is reduced to half. Let the water cool down. Add a pinch of salt and drink to get relief from back ache.
Honey: Every morning, drink a glass of warm water on empty stomach after mixing 1 teaspoon honey to get relief from back ache.
Vitamin C: Deficiency of vitamin C can make one prone to back ache. So, include vitamin C rich food in you die.t eat all citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries, blueberries, broccoli etc.

BAD BREATH
Home remedies for bad breath
Salt water:
In the case of bad breath, you need to gargle war water, with adequate and tolerable amount of rock salt, added to it. Salt has the inherent capacity to nullify bacteria and to sterilize the area that it is exposed to. Regular gargling of warm water and salt every morning immediately after you brush your teeth and every night before you go to bed is a useful and effective home remedy for bad breath.
Mint leaves:
Mint generally refers to spearmint, which is a flowering plant with a host of health benefits. All you need to do is to have a bunch of fresh mint leaves at hand, which you could keep chewing, especially after meals.
Parsley:
Like mint leaves, chewing a bunch of parsley leaves regularly, or after you have had strong smelling food such as garlic or onion, is an effective home remedy for bad breath. However, it is advisable to use caution in the case of pregnant women, as consumption of parsley in large quantities is not advised for pregnant ladies.

BED-WETTING (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS)
BEDWETTING I
Bedwetting is one of the common problems prevalent in small children, where the child unintentionally passes urine in the bed, during sleep, mostly at night, when sleep duration are of long hours. The main reason could be the small bladder size in children that is unable to hold urine throughout the night. The other reason could be certain fear or hereditary problem. Whatever be the case, parents take every effort to get the problem solved as soon as possible.
Bed wetting: is simply uncontrolled urination.

BED-WETTING NATURAL REMEDY
Mustard powder: Half a teaspoon of dry mustard seed powder with one cup of a little warm milk should be given to the child, one hour before the sleep. Mustard seeds are very effective in curing all urinary problems. Alternatively, a handful of mustard seeds can be given to child for eating, during the day to get fast recovery from bedwetting troubles.
Honey: One teaspoon of honey before the bed time can stop the bedwetting problem completely in children. Honey can be offered mixed with milk, during morning breakfast or children can just directly eat it without much of a fuss.
DOSAGE: Take 1 cup of honey daily for 1 month.

Banana: Eating 2 to 3 bananas every day will reduce the problem to a large extent. Offer one banana at the breakfast and one at night, before bed time.

CAUSES OF BED-WETTING
Causes of bed-wetting includes; Small bladder capacity, overactive bladder, chronic constipation, infrequent voiding, food containing caffeine, stress, urinary tract infection, diabetes, chocolate or artificial coloring.

SYMPTOMS OF BED-WETTING
Some symptoms include; Unusual thirst, Snoring, Pink urine, and Painful urination.

ASTHMA PATIENT

ASTHMA
Asthma is a long-lasting disease of the air-passages to the lungs. Asthma limits the flow of air, which could lead to suffocation.

CAUSES OF ASTHMA
Asthma could be heredity or it could be caused by environmental factors
Common environmental triggers are; Dust miles, Smoking, Inhaling dry or cold air, Exercise.

SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA
Symptoms of Asthma includes: Difficulty in breathing, Coughing, Wheezing, Chest pain, Chest tightness.

ASTHMA NATURAL HERBAL HOME REMEDY

INGREDIENTS: Snail and Honey
PREPARATION: Mix the fluid of snail and honey together
DOSAGE: Take 1 spoonful, 2times daily for 30 days.

NATURAL HEALTH CARE

NATURAL HEALTH CARE


ABDOMINAL PAIN AFTER DELIVERY
Abdominal pain after delivery is the pain experienced in the abdomen due to the womb contracting back to its original size after birth.
Some other causes includes: constipation, C-Section healing.

SYMPTOMS OF ABDOMINAL PAIN AFTER DELIVERY
A noticeable symptom of abdominal pain after birth is pain in the abdomen which could be intense.

NATURAL HERBAL HOME REMEDY FOR ABDOMINAL PAIN AFTER DELIVERY

INGREDIENTS:  Honey and water

PREPARATION:
 Take 2 spoonful of honey 3 times daily for 3 months. Then put Honey into hot water and press the abdomen with it.

DOSAGE:
Two (2) spoonful of honey three
(3) times daily for 3 months and it will heal.

HOW TO GET RID OF DARK SPOTS ON LEGS

How to Get Rid of Dark Spots on Legs
When you’re ready to get rid of the dark spots on your legs, give these remedies a try:

1. Turmeric, Lemon Juice and Yogurt:
Mix together a blend of ½ tsp turmeric, 1 tsp yogurt and 5 drops of lemon juice. Mix the ingredients together and apply it to the spots, leaving it on for at least ten minutes. It takes a while for this to work, so try it every day for a few weeks.

2. Lemon juice:
Lemons have natural bleaching properties. Apply lemon juice to the spots and leave it there for half an hour. Repeat this twice a day. You might have to continue the treatment for 2 months before you see complete results. For those with sensitive skin, it is recommended to dilute the juice with water, honey and rosewater.

3. Aloe Vera:
This renowned natural remedy can be used for almost any kind of healing, including the healing of dark spots on your legs. Break open a fresh aloe leaf and rub it over the spots. Leave it on for at least half an hour, and try it at least twice a day. You will notice the dark spots fading within a month’s time.

4. Castor Oil:
This is yet another proven way to treat dark spots. Apply castor oil with a cotton ball, once in the morning and once at night. You can also use other oils, such as Vitamin E oil, almond oil or grape seed oil.

5. Onion Juice:
Slice up onions and rub the juice over the area two or three times a day. The bleaching properties of onions will help the dark spots fade. To create a paste, blend onion juice with honey and leave it on the spots for 15 minutes at a time, once a day. You can also add some garlic juice for stronger effects.

WINKLES SOLUTION

WINKLES SOLUTION 

Aloe Vera
The aloe vera plant contains malic acid that helps reduce wrinkles by improving the elasticity of your skin.

 Simply cut an aloe vera leaf from the plant and extract its gel. Apply the fresh gel onto your skin and leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes. Wash it off with lukewarm water.

    Another option is to mix one teaspoon of aloe vera gel with the contents of a vitamin E capsule. Apply the mixture to areas where wrinkles are forming. Leave it on half an hour and then wash it off with lukewarm water.

Carrot
Boil two or three large carrots in water until they become soft. Blend the carrots with some honey to get a paste. Apply it directly on the face. Leave it on for about a half an hour and then rinse it off with lukewarm water.
Another option is to a combination of equal parts of carrot juice and honey each morning and evening. You can leave it for about 10 minutes before washing it off.
Also, include raw carrots in your diet.

Lemon juice
Gently rub a little bit of lemon juice into your facial skin. Leave it on for 5 or 10 minutes and then rinse your face with water. Do this two to three times a day.
Alternatively, you can mix one teaspoon each of  yogurt, honey and vitamin E oil and lemon juice. Spread it on your face and leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes before washing it off.
Another option is to apply lemon juice mixed with amla powder (Indian gooseberry) onto your face to treat wrinkles and delay aging naturally.

Natural Remedies for sunburn
Apple Cider Vinegar
Add one cup of apple cider vinegar to your bathtub filled with lukewarm water. Soak in this water for about half an hour. This will help balance the pH level of sunburned skin and promote healing. Follow this remedy once daily as needed.
    Mix equal amounts of apple cider vinegar and cool water. Soak paper towels in the solution and place them over the affected skin area. Leave them on until the towels are dry. Repeat several times a day for a few days until your condition improves.
Note: Avoid using apple cider vinegar remedies if you have abrasions on your skin.

Aloe Vera
Extract the gel from a section of an aloe vera leaf.
Put the gel in the refrigerator for half an hour.
Apply a light coating of the chilled gel on the sunburned skin.
Allow it to dry on its own so the skin can fully absorb the medicinal properties.
Do this five or six times daily for several days.
Irish potatoes
Peel two large potatoes and cut them into small pieces.
Blend the pieces in a blender to make a paste.
Apply the paste on the affected skin and let it dry on its own.
Then take a cool shower.
Repeat the process once daily for a few days until all your symptoms are gone.

Wrinkle And Dry FACE
HOME REMEDY FOR WRINKLE

1. Olive Oil
Olive oil is a great massage oil for your skin. It is a good source of antioxidants, like vitamins A and E, which fight skin-damaging free radicals.
Regularly massaging olive oil onto the affected skin area will moisturize, repair and even regenerate skin cells. As the oil penetrates deep into the skin, it provides long-lasting protection and keeps it moisturized.
Another option is to mix a few drops of honey with a few drops of olive oil and glycerin. Massage the mixture into your skin twice daily. This will eliminate dead cells and help tighten sagged skin.
You can also massage your skin with coconut oil, emu oil, almond oil or vitamin E oil to prevent and reduce wrinkles.

2. Fenugreek
Fenugreek leaves, seeds and even oil work as an antidote for different skin problems, including wrinkles. The leaves are rich in vitamins and minerals that are easily absorbed by the body and help treat wrinkles and fine lines when this remedy is used regularly.
Grind a handful of fresh fenugreek leaves to make a thick paste. Apply the paste on your face and leave it on overnight. In the morning, wash it off with lukewarm water.
You can also wash your face with water boiled with fenugreek seeds or apply fenugreek oil on your wrinkles and fine lines.

3. Aloe Vera
The aloe vera plant contains malic acid that helps reduce wrinkles by improving the elasticity of your skin.
Simply cut an aloe vera leaf from the plant and extract its gel. Apply the fresh gel onto your skin and leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes. Wash it off with lukewarm water.
Another option is to mix one teaspoon of aloe vera gel with the contents of a vitamin E capsule. Apply the mixture to areas where wrinkles are forming. Leave it on half an hour and then wash it off with lukewarm water.

4. Ginger
Ginger works as an excellent anti-wrinkle remedy due to its high antioxidant content. Moreover, it helps inhibit the breakdown of elastin, one of the main causes of wrinkles and fine lines.
Mix a pinch of grated ginger with a tablespoon of honey. Eat this mixture every morning.
You can also drink ginger tea twice daily.

5. Bananas
Bananas are rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that combat the causes of wrinkles and fine lines. Using this remedy twice per week will rejuvenate your skin and treat wrinkles in a natural manner.
Mash two ripe bananas into a thick paste. Apply the paste on the wrinkled areas. Leave it on for at least a half an hour and then wash it off with lukewarm water. Follow it with some skin moisturizer.
Alternatively, you can use a mixture of one mashed banana and avocado, along with a little honey. Slather it on your skin, lave it on for 20 minutes and then wash it off.

6. Almonds
Almonds are an excellent source of fiber, vitamin E, iron, zinc, calcium, folic acid, and oleic acid, which combined can delay the aging process and treat wrinkles.
Soak some almonds in raw milk overnight. In the morning, remove the skin and grind the almonds into a thick paste. Apply the paste onto your skin, and even under your eyes to get rid of dark circles. Leave it on for 20 to 30 minutes and then wash it off with lukewarm water. For best results, do this daily.
You can also massage almond oil into your skin to delay the effects of aging.

HOW TO MAKE ALMOND OIL

ALMOND OIL
HOW TO MAKE HOMEMADE ALMOND ESSENTIAL OILS

You will need:
2 cups unroasted almonds
Olive oil (at least 2 or 3 tbsp.)
Mixer or blender

Instructions:
1. Using a mixer or blender, grind the almonds as much as possible. It is best to start on a low speed and gradually increase it as the pieces get smaller. If the batter sticks to the sides of the blender, turn off the blender and clean it.
If you don't have a blender you can also use a pestle and morter.
2. Grind until it becomes a creamy paste.
3. Add oil. If the batter forms a hard ball, add in more oil. One spoonful will be enough.
Make sure it is olive oil, if it's extra-virgin all the better!
Keep on blending until they stick.
4. Once the batter and the oil have mixed, store the mixture in a container in a dry place for 2 weeks.
5. After this time, when the oil has separated from the cream, you should sieve the oil to make sure there are no loose parts of almond in the mix.
Only keep the oil that is on top.

HOW TO MAKE ZAL PRODUCTION I

ZAL PRODUCTION I
How to produce Izah

Chemical required and measurement
1 Texapor (S.L.S)     1/4 kg
2 Phenol          1/4 litre
3 pine oil          1/2 litre
4 Carbolic         1/2 litre
5 Lysol           1/2 litre
6 water          15 litre
7 Izah booster      1/2 litre
8 Izah concentrate   1/2
9 Izah tickner      1/2 litre

Procedure
Step 1 Measure the texapor into your mixing tank
Step 2 Add the phenol and still until complete dissolved (do not allow the phenol to touch the skin to avoid burns)
Step 3 Add the pine oil and keep stirring
Step 4 Also add the carbolic and keep stirring.
Step 5 Add the Lysol and stir continues.
Step 6 Add water and stir.
Step 7 Add booster and stirring continues.
Step 8 finally add the concentrate and stir vigorously.
           Your Izah is ready.
Note; Izah tickner is not compulsory. Please Mind the rules that govern production Izah at home in your country.

HOW TO MAKE CARROT OR COCONUT OIL

CARROT OIL
How to Make Carrot Oil
Carrot oil is high in beta carotene, vitamins A and E which help to heal dry, cracked and sore skin, prevent and soothe skin conditions and slow down signs of ageing. It’s nourishing for dry damaged hair as well.
Carrot oil is great for my hair and skin. You can use it during the hamattan season and it keeps skin especially legs and feet moisturized and crack-free. Also use it as a pre-shampoo treatment and hair literally drinks it all up!
So without further, here's how you can make carrot oil in the comfort of your own kitchen.

Ingredients
2 large carrots unwashed
Any good quality oil of your choice such as olive oil, coconut oil, sweet almond oil, etc. I like coconut oil or palm kernel oil
A clean glass jar.

Directions
Grate the carrots
Place the grated carrots in a clean glass mason jar and cover with oil.
Cover the jar and place in a warm spot like a window sill for about 2 weeks like so:
This process is called macerating. I prefer to place mine behind the refrigerator or freezer where it's nice and warm. : Shake every day.
The beta-carotene and fat soluble vitamins will dissolve in the oil and the oil will take on a pale orange colour. Pour the oil through a fine mesh sieve or muslin cloth into another clean jar. If any carrot sediment remains at the bottom of the jar, you can let it settle and then pour the oil off into another container. Seal the jar and store in a cool dark place.

Please Note:
Your carrot oil is at risk of growing mouldy when it's macerating because of the water content in carrots so to avoid this, fill the jar absolutely to the top with oil so that no air is in the jar. Once the macerated oil is ready, decanter the oil in to an absolutely dry jar (I usually dry jars at a low temperature in the oven) and keep airport tight.

COCONUT OIL I
How to Make Coconut Oil I
With the numerous health benefits and uncountable uses of coconut oil, you should be making your own Coconut Oil at home.

Coconut oil
Below, I used 3 coconuts to get 200 ml (6.8 fl. oz.) of coconut oil.

You will need:
A blender for blending the coconuts.
My blender has 850W power and it can blend pieces of coconut very well. I have also used a 600W blender in the past with great results. You can also grind it in the market but make sure they clean their machine very well before using it to blend the coconut for you.
Chopping board for cutting the coconut flesh/meat.
A blunt object for breaking the coconut: a hammer or small axe will do.
Original stainless steel pot for cooking the coconut till the oil seeps out. Do not use non-stick or coated pots for this because during cooking, the coconut oil will get to high temperatures.

Bowls.
Sieves.

    Hot water mixed to a comfortable temperature. Keep it as hot as you can comfortably handle with your bare hands. Extracting coconut milk with moderately hot water gives you more coconut oil than when you extract with warm or lukewarm water. Don’t even use cool water.

Directions for making Coconut Oil
Coconut oil
Break the coconuts with a heavy blunt object.
When done, pry out the coconut meat from the coconut shell with a knife. Once the coconut is mature, the coconut meat should come out of the shell easily.
Rinse the pieces of coconut thoroughly and cut them into small pieces to help your blender.
For best results, we need to blend the coconuts with warm water. So boil some water and mix with cool water to get warm water.
Grind the pieces of coconut with the diluted hot water till smooth. Depending on the quantity you are making, you may need to grind in batches.
Pour in a sieve to separate the coconut milk from the chaff. Then press with your hands to squeeze out the last drop.
Grind the chaff a second time to get more coconut milk.
Use a sieve with a finer mesh to remove the tiniest particles from the coconut milk.
When done, cover the bowl of coconut milk and keep it in the fridge overnight. You do not have a fridge or NEPA took light?
The next morning, you will see that the coconut oil has separated from the water and caked beautifully on top like a frozen lake. Yours did not cake?
Take the caked white coconut oil and place in a clean dry stainless steel pot.

NOTE:
The water remaining in the bowl still has some coconut taste and can be used to boil White Rice, prepare Jollof Coconut Rice, White Coconut Rice and any other recipe that calls for coconut milk.
    Cover the pot and start cooking on low to medium heat. If you notice any smoke at any time as you cook, reduce the heat to very low.
    Keep an eye on the pot and stir from time to time. Cook till you notice some charred coconut bits in the oil. I cooked the one in the video below for 1 hour 15 minutes.
    Set the pot aside so the coconut oil can cool down to a comfortable temperature.
    Sieve with a chiffon cloth or a cheese cloth to remove the charred bits. If you still notice any charred bits in the sieved coconut oil, sieve again with a paper towel. Store in your cupboard and use when you wish.
    That’s it! Use coconut oil for cooking, for your hair and body.

HOW TO MAKE BALM (ABONIKI)

Balm is effective for the relief of aches and pains it is also used for cold, sprain, catarrh and dislocations.

Chemicals needed for the production of balm are:
Petroleum Gel 1/4kg
Paraffin oil ½ litres
Beeswax: just the size of your thumb
Industrial camphor ½ spoons
Peppermint 2 spoons
Eucalyptus 2-3 spoons
Menthol 4-6 spoons
Colorant   as desired (optional)

PREPARATION:
put a dry pot on fire
Turn the petroleum gel into the pot and allow to melt
Pour the paraffin oil and stir
add the bees wax and allow to melt
add the eucalyptus and stir
Turn down the heat, then add the menthol and stir
add the peppermint and stir properly together
add the camphor and stir also
Lastly, add colour (if any) and stir properly.

HOW TO MAKE BAR/TABLET SOAP

BAR/TABLET SOAP
We all make use of soap on daily basis for one purpose or another. There are various kinds of soaps in the market today which include bar soap, tablet soap, toilet soap, and medicated soap among others.


BAR/TABLET SOAP PRODUCTION:
You can produce bar/tablet soap by cold or hot system. For this seminar, we shall describe the cold system production which ensures good quality and durability. What is cold system? It is the process of soap production by which no heat is applied besides when the oil is sleepy (or solid form). Heat is then applied to turn it liquid form yet it is a cold system.

Materials/Equipment:
1. 3 big containers of choice (half drum/full drum may be okay). One of the three is for mixing the components.
2. One big strong table with wire cutters for bar or tablet.
3. Hydrometer
4. Hand gloves,
5. Scrapper
6. Two strong paddles
7. 2 Graded buckets
8. One tea cup
9. Mould
10. Nylon
11. Thumb Tack
12. Jug depending on the quantity you are producing.

Chemicals required:
(1)            Palm Kernel Oil (PKO)
(2)            Caustic soda either pearls or flakes
(3)            Sodium silicate
(4) Colorant
(5)     Perfume.

Procedure:-
NB: - The caustic soda for soap making must be soaked overnight with water, this is called fermentation. The PKO must be in liquid form.

1. After soaking caustic soda overnight, check the acidity of the solution with your hydrometer. If the solution levels with 1275 of your hydrometer, it is a normal gauge. The soap produced with this gauge will not be corrosive to hands or body. If the gauge is below the above number, then it is acidic. If it is above 1275 up to 1250 then it is watery and should need more soda pearls or flakes.
2. The normal ration of PKO and soda solution is 2.1 that mean two buckets of PKO should go for one bucket of soda solution, two cups of PKO to one cup of soda solution etc.
3. Haven measured out the PKO and soda solution in different containers with your small buckets of same size one for soda, one for PKO.
4. Pour the PKO into a bigger container where all components will be mixed together. Add hardening agent to it and turn very well.
5. And sodium silicate ½ tea cup for 20 litres of PKO.
6. And your desired colorant which might be oil base or water base.
7. Perfume the mixture and stir very well with paddle.
8. Pour the mixture into mould already prepared with Nylon and thumbtack, allow solidifying.
9. The next day, remove the solid soap from mould on to your strong table that has either bar wire cutter or tablet cutter. Cut as desired and stamp. Pack in cartons for selling or usage.

HOW GERMICIDE OR IZAL 1

GERMICIDE OR IZAL 1
Equipment
Drum or rubber.
Turning stick.

CHEMICALS
Carbolic acid: kill the germ.
Izal concentrate: it gives concentration to Izal.
Izal boaster: make it stronger.
Forming agent: for formation of Izal.
Lyzol: it also kills germs.
Whitener: it gives colour.
Water.

PRODUCTION
Pour the carbolic acid into the drum.
Add the Izal concentrate and mix.
Pour the Izal boaster and mix.
Add the forming agent to the drum and stir.
Add the Lyzol and stir.
Add whitener and mix properly.
Add water to taste (bottle and coke.

SOME CHEMICALS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

SOME CHEMICALS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
Sulphuric acid: It is a forming agent.
Caustic soda: It is a stain removal.
Sodium lorel Sulphate (SLS): It serves as both farming agent and also binds all the other chemicals together.
Soda ash: It serves as a thickener in the production.
Texapon: It is use in farming and cleaning agent.
Nitrosol: Give concentration to the product.
Preservatives: It lasting product.
Colour: To give the product a good look.
Perfume: gives fragrance
Paraffin oil: It is also a chemical binder.
Paraffin wax: It helps to give strength to the product.
Lanoline: It improves texture.
Vitamin E: It fosters hair growth.
Whitener: It makes the production whitish in colour.
Carbonic acid and Lyzol: Kill germs.
Note:
Arrange all your chemicals on the table in order of use before starting your production process.
Always pour chemicals first into a container before adding water, do not pour chemicals inside water. Make sure all chemicals are labelled for easy identification.

LIQUID SOAP PRODUCTION
Equipment
Drum or big bucket: This is where the whole chemicals are mixed together.
Turning stick: This is used to mix the chemicals and how they are mixed together.

Chemicals
Nitrosol
Sulphunic acid    
Texapon
Soda ash
Sodium lorel sulphate (SLS)
Caustic soda
Forming agent
Preservative
Colour (green)
Perfume (lemon grass)

PRODUCTION PROCEDURE
Pour Nitrosol into the drum and add 10 litres of water – mix properly
Mix sulphunic acid and texapon, shake it and pour into the drum
Mix soda ash with 6 litres of water and add in the drum
Mix SLS with 3 litres of water in a bucket and add in drum
Caustic soda n(1 tea spoon)
Add farming agent into the drum
Preservatives and stir properly
Colour
Lastly perfumed.

JELLEN (VASLINE) PRODUCTION
Equipment
Stove
Pot
Small spoon

CHEMICALS
Paraffin oil (4 unit)
Petroleum jelly (8 unit)
Paraffin wax (to taste)
Perfume

PRODUCTION PROCEDURE
Light stove and out the empty clean pot to dry
Pour paraffin oil into the dry pot and allow to heat small
Add petroleum jelly into the pot and allow to dissolve
Add paraffin wax bit by bit to get a desired texture
Collect small quantity in a spoon and place in a container of cool water to solidify. Use your finger to check for the texture, if it is to watery, add a little paraffin wax, but it is too hard, add petroleum jelly, when satisfied with the texture, put down the pot and allow it to cool for like 2.4 minutes after which you add perfume and bottle.
Note: the heat from the stove should be reduced.

ANTISEPTIC
Equipment
Drum or rubber
Turning stick

CHEMICALS
Isopropyl alcohol (ISA): it kills number of bacteria
Pine oil: it forms a cloudy liquid
Chronozol: It is an anti-bacteria in Dettol to kill germs and reduce inflammation
Colour: (brown in water form)
Water

PRODUCTION PROCEDURE
Pour the isopropyl alcohol into drum.
Add pine oil and mix.
Add chronozol and mix properly.
Add colour.
Add water if you like, bootle and coke.

HAIR CREAM
Equipment
Stove
Pot
Spoon

CHEMICALS
Paraffin oil
Paraffin jelly
Lanoline
Glycerine
Vitamin E
Paraffin wax
Colour
Perfume

PRODUCTION
Light stove and put the clean pot to dry under reduced heat.
Pour paraffin oil into the dry pot (6 units).
Add colour (yellow)
Add petroleum jelly and allow it to melt (6 units)
Add lanoline and allow melting (2 units).
Add glycerine and stir (1 unit)
Add vitamin E and stir (0.5 unit)
Add paraffin wax to taste, also allow it to melt.
Collect sample and check the texture. If satisfied bring down the pot and allow cooling for 2 minutes before adding perfume.


AIR FRESHENER
Equipment
Drum or bucket
Stirrer
Chemicals
Methanol
Forming agent
Colour
Water

Production
Pour methanol inside the drum (1 litre)
Add forming agent into the drum and stir until foam start coming out (1 litre).
Add (14 litres) of water and stir.
Add colour and stir
Add fragrance (e.g. lavenda) and stir.
Cover and keep for 10-15 minutes before bottling.

Note: you can add as many as your fragrance as possible, the more the fragrance, the more the spray will last. There are also two types of colour, water colour and oil colour, use oil colour for production that do not contain water while you can use water colour for productions that contains water.

DAILY CARE COSMETIC: SKIN CARE, BEAUTY AND HOUSE HOLD CONSUMABLES BAR SOAP

DAILY CARE COSMETIC: SKIN CARE, BEAUTY AND HOUSE HOLD CONSUMABLES
BAR SOAP

Bar soap refers to surfactant used in conjunction with water for washing and cleaning.

Processes in soap production
There are two processes in soap production:

Cold system: This is a process of producing soap without heating the solution except warming the oil and adding colorants to the solution.

Hot system: This is a process where soap solution is boiled before transferring it to.

LET US SEE THE MEDICINAL BENEFITS OF THIS LEAF.

LET US SEE THE MEDICINAL BENEFITS OF THIS LEAF.

Diabetes– these leaves have tannins and anthocyanins for diabetes early stage curing. Simply dry the leaves, crush them into powder and cure diabetes in early stages. Also get infusion method too. The diabetic angiopathy and retinopathy are the 2 main problems cured with mango leaves. To cure this have a cup water at night, soak the leaves in it and strain-drink. This has the item ethyl acetate and 3betaraxerol. This works with insulin for activation in GLUT4 and helps for synthesis of glycogen. This can cure hyperglycemia.

No restlessness– this is due to anxiety and if we cannot find a solution we might get worse. You can see this in Indian homes, hanging at the door step. Also use them in bath water or make tea and add this in the tub. This will soothe and refresh you.

Less pressure– the leaf can lower blood pressure and make blood vessels stronger.

Breathing problems-people who have cold, asthma and similar illness can use the leaf. Boil it in water and add honey. It is good against cold, flu, and voice loss.

No dysentery– dry mango leaf powder in water is taken for 3 days.

Healing burns– for this, make ashes of powdered leaves. Apply the ash on the area and relieve pains.

Ear pain– get the juice of mango leaf, take one spoon, heat it a bit and use it as ear drop.

MANGO IS HEALTHY LETS SEE WHAT IT HAS

The mango is the healthy tropical fruit we all love. It originates from India and has many benefits. It is also  found in many countries.

When we talk about the mango leaves, we know they are green or reddish and turn dark green after some time.

MANGO LEAF HAS…

Vitamin C

Vitamin B

and Vitamin A

Flavonoids

Phenols

Antioxidants

LEARN HOW TO MAKE ANTI AGING CREAM

Anti Aging cream:

Ingredients:

»  1 cup of organic coconut oil
»  3tbsp of shea butter
»  1tbsp of vitamin E oil
»  11/2 tsp of jojoba oil
»  15-20drops of Lavender and frankincense essential oil

Method:

On a double boiler, melt the coconut & shea butter‎ on a low heat for about 10-15mins. Then bring it out. Add vitamin E oil, jojoba oil mix together for 2mins then add your essential oils mix together and pour into your container.

Allow to cool for some minutes and your anti-aging cream is ready. It is great for cellulite and stretch marks.
Home Made Body Butter Recipe:Preparation time: 30 minute(s)Ingredients:» 1 cup cocoa butter» 1/2 cup coconut oil» 1/2 cup sweet almond oil(or olive oil, or carrot oil)Instructions:1. In a pan melt down your hard butters and oils until fully liquid2. In a bowl, blend together the melted butters with all of the oils and set in the freezer to harden, about 20 minutes.3. Once the mixture is solid again, but not too hard, whip it up using an electronic whisk, a food processor with a whisk attachment, a handheld whisk and a bit of until you have created fluffy white mixture (or u use ur turning stick)4. Spoon it into a clean jar or container. It will keep for months.5. Ready for use. Safe for children and adults. It doesn't bleach or make u dark.
*HOW TO GROW YOUR LASHES---GET A CASTOR OIL, DIP A CLEAN MASCARA BRUSH INTO THE OIL AND USE IT TO COMB YOUR LASHES EVERY MORNING AND NIGHT
DARK KNUCKLES REMOVER
ingredients
Sugar and lemon
 Lemon juice
Method
Mix sugar and lemon juice and apply this on your fingers and scrub it in circular movement for about 5 to 7 minutes.you should do this regularly for a few days in order to achieve the desire result
 REMEDY FOR SPOT REMOVAL
I tbsp of tumeric powder
I tbsp of lemon juice
 The best way to apply it is to apply it before taking a shower.make sure you do this at least once or twice everyday until you notice some improvement
 HOW TO CLEAR ACNE SCARS
 Ingredients
Tumeric
Oat meal
Water
 Tea tree oil
Direction
Mix 1 tbsp of tumeric and oat meal
Pour a little water and a drop of tea tree oil
Form a thick paste and massage on ur face
 With warm waterWash out after 20mins
do this twice a week until u see changes

LEARN HOW TO MAKE CREAM BASE (LOTION)

We are going to learn how to make cream base(lotion). This is just a base cream before u can start to use it u need to add other ingredients and that depend on the complexion u want to get either fair dark or chocolate.
LOTIONS (CREAM BASE)
We will start by making our base cream for our lotions. I make a batch and store in an air tight container,so when I want to mix,I take from it. Instead of making a base cream all d time.

1 cup emulsifying wax
half cup cetyl alcohol
1 cup stearic acid
Coconut oil 60ml
Vit e oil 20,ml
Water 800ml
Glycerine 30ml
Preservative 25ml
Glycolic acid 30ml

Method: In a double boiler(place a wide pot or deep frying pan on fire with water and put a thick glass bowl on it) melt your wax,stearic acid,cetyl alcohol and oil together. While at that, heat your water in a separate stove. Bring water down to be cooling down while waiting for d wax to melt. When well melted, drop it down n turn into a large bowl(to enable u mix well). Pour your liquid GRADUALLY into the oil as u mix with ur hand mixer to get a creamy texture.
Add your glycolic acid, glycerine, vit e oil,preservative n mix thoroughly.
Your base cream is ready!
To make dis base cream very effective, you will add 5 or 6 nature secret oil n mix well before u store.
Some People add up to 10 bottles of d oil. Depends how effective you want it to be.
Store in an air tight container.

NB:‎ If u feel its too thick at d end,add rose water. But I leave mine thick because of other things I will b mixing with when I scoop out to mix for a client
Almond body lotion.

Ingredients
 1/2  cup of water
1/8 tsp of borax
1/2 cup of almond oil
1tsp coconut oil
1tsp of beeswax
2tsp of honey
3-4 drops of any essential oils

Instruction

1. Mix water and borax together,stirring until well mixed set aside.
2. Mix almond oil,coconut oil,honey, and beeswax in a glass measuring cup
3. Place a cup with d oils and beeswax in a pan if water.heat over medium until d beeswax is melted. Wen d wax is melted, bring d water/borax solution almost to boiling ( put d borax in a microwave to warm a lil).
4.remove d oil beeswax from d stove and pour into blender .
5. Slowly add water/borax to d mixture in d blender and whip..
Allow d lotion to cool completely.the consistency may seem a bit thin, but it will thicken as it cool.
6. You may add ur essential oils now and mix together
 *ANTI-AGING CREAM ....ori, #100, coconut oil 5spoon, osun 1tsp; Castor oil 5spoon, olive oil 4spoon, mix very well and use as a cream
 *SOAP FOR New born Baby..Ghana soap, its in whit e color and its mostly for baby , add honey 3spoons, Osun 2tsp, coconut oil 3spoon, efun 1, pawpaw leaf, sun dry the pawpaw leaf and ground it then mix very well and use on your baby, this is very nice on baby

HOW TO MAKE BUTT OIL

BUTT OIL
Ingredients
1. Fenugreek oil 50ml
2. Fish oil 20ml
3. Nutmeg essential oil 30ml
4. Vitamin E oil 20ml
5. Glycerine and
6. Grapeseed oil 20ml

Procedure
Combine all oils 2geda n store

HOW TO CLEAR DARK NECK

HOW TO CLEAR DARK NECK
 Hot water
 Ingredients
  Salt
 Coconut oil or olive oil
 Baking soda
Direction
 With hot water and towel for 5 mins
 Steam ur neck first
 Mix 1 tbsp of baking soda,half spoon of olive oil, 1 tbsp of salt to form a paste
It removes dead skin cell
Massage it in ur neck and leave for 20mins
Wash it out with warm water
Face cleanser

1/2 cup of oats
1/2cup of full cream milk
1/4 cup of honey

Instruction
Combine everything together in a bowl and set aside for 5mins.massaging on d face and leave for 2mins.rinse with warm water.


Face mask

Ingredients
Banana
Avocado
Honey

Instruction
Mash banana,avocado and honey together and apply on d face.wash after 10mins


Face and body scrub

Ingredients
Honey
Brown sugar
Add turmeric for light person
Mix everything together and use to scrub face and body.leave for 15mins and rinse with water


Stretch mark cream

Ingredients
2tbs Shea butter
2tbs Cocoa butter
2tbs Coconut oil
2tbs Jojoba oil
2tbs Avocado oil

Instruction
Add d oils and butters in a pan
Place in a thick bottom pan and melt on stove on a low heat.
When melted,remove and whip .
Store in a air tight container.
Sunburn treatment

Mix 2tbsp of turmeric powder with some water to form a paste and apply over d blister .leave on for 10mins before wash .repeat twice a week


Face toner
Ingredients
Rose water
Distilled water

Instruction
Fill half bottle with rose water den fill with distilled water and mix.use on d face after cleaning and through out d day.store in a cool dry place


Body butter for kids and adults cream

Ingredients
20g Shea butter
20g mango butter
2tbs Avocado oil
5drops Lavender oil

Instruction
Add d oils and butters in a pan
Place in a thick bottom pan and melt on a low heat.bring down and store for 5mins den put in a freezer to cool for 10 mins bring it out and blend thoroughly.u can add any essential oil of ur choice.
Pimples soap treatment
2 k brother
Black or white soap
Surf
Black alum
Tea tree oil
Shea Butter very little

HOW TO PREPARE MOISTURISER

MOISTURISER

INGREDIENTS

1/2 cup coconut oil/carrot oil
1 teaspoon liquid vitamin E
5-7 drops lavender essential oil
and/or tea tree oil
Instructions
1. This homemade
moisturizer is simple. Here's what you do: combine the coconut oil/carrot oil, vitamin E
or tea tree oil, and lavender in a bowl.
Now mix. That's it.
We'll look at three amazingly simple and easy way to make scrubs in this article, each will have a different focus:
Cleansing
Moisturizing
Exfoliating

1. Cleansing
To prevent acne, you need to deep cleanse your face to get rid of the dirt, grime, pollution and germs lodged within your pores. This simple recipe uses only 3 ingredients: Oatmeal, honey yogurt which are all powerful acne-fighting foods that can be topically applied to acne prone skin. Preparation:
Ingredients:
1 tablespoon oatmeal
1 teaspoon honey
1 teaspoon yogurt

Directions:
Mix all the above ingredients in a small mixing bowl.
Using clean finger tips, rub the mixture in a circular motion, starting with your chin to your forehead.
After two minutes, rinse off with warm water. Splash cold water on your face to close up the pores.
Pat dry with a soft towel.

2. Moisturizing
The moisturizing face scrub works wonders for oily skin! It uses three simple ingredients; baking soda, honey and lemon juice. Baking soda is a gentle cleanser that rids oily skin of its excess sebum as well as dirt and pollution. Honey has anti-bacterial properties for fighting acne, while lemon is great for oil control.

鈥嶱Preparation:
Ingredients:
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon lemon juice
1 tablespoon honey
Directions:
Stir all the above ingredients in a mixing bowl.
Using clean fingers, rub the mixture into your face using a circular motion.
After two minutes, rinse thoroughly.
Pat dry with a soft clean towel.
鈥�
3. Exfoliating
Using brown sugar, olive oil and honey, use this to exfoliate your face, giving it a youthful glow. This exfoliating scrub absorbs excess sebum on skin and moisturizes oily skin. It also eliminates dead cells on the surface of the skin and removes unsightly skin peels, common with acne.

Preparation

Ingredients
1 tablespoon brown sugar(sensitive skin)/white sugar
1 teaspoon honey
1 teaspoon olive oil

Directions:
Add the brown sugar, honey, and olive oil into a bowl and stir well with a spoon.
Using clean fingertips, rub the mixture onto your face working from your chin upwards, going in a circular motion.
After two minutes, rinse thoroughly with warm water until all the mixture is off your face. Splash your face with cold water to close your skin pores.
Pat dry with a towel. Enjoy the silky feel of your skin!
You are to cleanse and moisturize daily but exfoliate thrice a week
1.carrier oil are oil dat very mild on skin .you can use it alone or mix with essential oil.

List of carrier oil are

Grapebseed oil
Olive oil
Hempseed oil
Jojoba oil
Sunflower oil
Coconut oil
Avocado oil
Sweet almond oil etc

2.essential oil are oil dat cannot be use ordinarily on skin.

List of essential oils

Lavender oil
Peppermint oil
Lemon oil
Lemon grass oil
Rosemary oil
Nutmeg oil
Sandalwood oil
Grape fruit oil
Carrot seed oil
Frankinsece oil
Ylang ylang oil etc


 Blending instruments.
Blender
Measuring spoon
Plastic container

List of butters

Cocoa butters
Avocado butter
Mango butter
Shea butter

HOW TO PREPARE SKIN TYPES

SKIN TYPES:
1. NORMAL SKIN: Not too dry and not too oily,normal skin have no or few imperfectiond,no severe sensitivity. Barely visible pores. A radiant complexion. 2. COMBINATION SKIN: Your skin can be dry or normal in some areas and oily in others such as nose,forehead and chin. Many people have this skin type. Combination skin type have pores that look larger than normal because they're more open. 3. DRY SKIN: Almost visible pores,dull,rough complexion,red patches. More visible lines,cracked and peeling during harmattan and cold weather.4. SENSITIVE SKIN: It can show up as: redness,itching,burning,dryness. If ur skin is sensitive try to find out what ur triggers are so u can avoid them. There are many possible reasons but often it's in response to particular skincare products. 5. OILY SKIN: You may have: enlarge pores,dull or oily thick complexion,blackheads,pimples or other blemishes.

HOW TO PREPARE FAVORITE EBIRIPO FOOD

Ebiripo is another special Ijebu food made from cocoyam. It is a major staple
food that is cooked in leaves. This meal can be cooked in various ways and
spiced to make a balanced meal. Cocoyam is purely carbohydrates and poor
in other nutrients but many have now found ways to make the root nutritious
by adding soyabeans while making ebiripo. It can be eaten with all kinds of
soups.

Ingredients
Cocoyam
Soybeans
Ground fresh Pepper or dry chilli pepper (depending on choice)
Water
Ground Crayfish
Leaves for wrapping
Direction

1. Cocoyam is peeled and grated or ground into paste. Add soybeans
flour and mix thoroughly.
2. Add little water depending on the quantity or size of the paste to make
it lighter, fluffy and easy to pack.
3. Salt to taste.
4. Add pepper and ground crayfish.
5. Mix thoroughly.
6. Wash the ariba leaves thoroughly of grit or dirt
7. Scoop in a small quantity with spoon into a folded leaf
8. Arrange the Ebiripo inside a big pot and steam for about an hour
9. Bring down to cool and serve with Egusi soup or vegetable soup of
choice.

HOW TO PREPARE CANOE BROOCH

CANOE BROOCH
 Step 1: Pick 4red and tie
Step 2: pass needle tru the next SB and pick 2white and go into d next bead
Step 3: pick 1red go into d next bead
Step 4: pick 2white and go into d next bead
Step 5: pick 1red and go into the next bead
Step 6: pick 2white and go into the next bead
Step 7: pick 1red and go into the next bead
Step 8: pick another red and go into the next bead
Step 9: pick 2white and go into the next bead
Step 10: pick 1red and go into the next bead
Continue repeating the same step till u are satisfied with how big Ur design is
When u are done, pick 1white and let it go round.
HAPPY BEADING

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE NSALA SOUP

NSALA SOUP
Ingredients
1 medium sized cat fish
5 small sized raw yam cubes or yam powder
2 tablespoonful chopped utazi leaves
1 teaspoonful ground crayfish
1 teaspoonful ogiri or iru (locust beans)
1 tablespoonful chopped onions
Chili pepper (to taste)
1-2 knorr cubes
Salt (to taste)

Preparation method
Cook the meat or dried fish with onions, knorr cube and salt to taste. Cook until done and set aside.
Peel the yam cubes and boil until soft then pound to smooth paste, using a mortar and pestle. If what you have is yam powder, boil some hot water, add the powder and stir continuously until you get a smooth paste. Set the yam paste aside for later use.
Next, place the catfish into a pot, pour enough water to cover it, add the chopped onions, knorr cube and salt to taste.
Cook for about 10-15 minutes or until the fish is almost done.
Now, add the pepper, crayfish and ogiri/iru
Also, add the yam paste bit by bit and leave the soup to cook until the paste is completely dissolved and the fish is well done.
Finally, add the utazi leaves, taste for salt and simmer for 30 seconds.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE OWO SOUP

OWO SOUP
This is a native urhobo recipe you are sure to enjoy and would ask for more servings! It is made with a mix of blended tomatoes and pepper. It is best enjoyed with boiled yam or unripe plantain.
Ingredients
Goat meat or assorted meat
Palm oil
Knorr cubes
Potash
Tomatoes
Habanero pepper - atarodo
Smoked fish

Preparation
Boil and season your meat. Once they have sufficiently cooked with some stock left, add your blended tomatoes and pepper.
Add the crayfish and smoked fish
Bring the contents of the pot to a gentle simmer
Dissolve potash about the size of half – 3 quarters of a knorr cube in water and add to the pot and bring to the boil. The presence of the tomatoes, will mean it wouldn’t bubble up as much.
Leave it to cook and in a few minutes, you will notice that the addition of the potash has caused the prior watery stock to thicken a little. Take it off the heat and let it cool down a little.
Stir in palm oil into the pot. The soup will thicken and the colour will change to a pale shade of yellowish orange.
Serve with green plantain (boiled or grilled) or boiled yam give your family a treat with Nsala soup, rich in carbohydrate and protein. It is spiced with pepper, crayfish and ogiri/iru, utazi leaves and knorr seasoning. It is enjoyed with swallow meals. 

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE GROUNDNUT SOUP

GROUNDNUT SOUP
Ingredient
500g raw peeled groundnuts (peanuts)
Assorted meat and fish (beef)
Shaki (cow tripe)
Dry fish or stock fish
Palm oil
A small bunch of pumpkin leaves
Spinach or bitter leaf
2 tablespoons ground crayfish
Knorr soup seasoning
Salt (to taste) and ground dry pepper

Preparation
Before cooking your groundnut soup, soak the stock fish and dry fish for a few hours. The length of time depends on how hard the stock fish is. You may also decide to boil it a bit.
When soft, clean the fish, remove the bones and separate them into small pieces.
Roast the raw groundnuts in a pan, stirring constantly till they look golden brown (make sure the groundnuts do not get burnt), after this set aside to cool down completely the grind into powder with a dry mill.
Wash and cut the pumpkin leaves into tiny pieces. If using spinach, cut into small pieces, if using bitter leaf: wash till the bitterness is fairly out and set aside.
Prepare other ingredients: grind the pepper and grind the crayfish.
Start cooking the shaki first as it is the toughest meat in the bunch. Always keep water to the same level as the contents of the pot and top it up as you cook.
When the shaki starts to curl, add the dry fish and stockfish.
When the shaki is almost done, add beef and knorr soup seasoning. Cook till all the meat and fish are well done.
Add the crayfish, salt and pepper, cover and cook till it boils
Transfer the meat and fish to another pot/container leaving the stock in the pot.
Add the ground groundnuts and stir very well till there are no lumps. Reduce the heat to very low and start cooking.
Stir every 5mins and top up the water if necessary. To avoid the mixture from burning, watch it closely and stir as often as necessary.  
Cook till a thin film of clear oil appears on the surface. This should take about 15mins. Add palm oil and stir very well.
Add the beef and fish, stir and cook on low heat till it boils. For those who prefer their groundnut soup without vegetables add the vegetables, stir and leave to simmer. Stir again. 

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE FISH STEW

FISH STEW
Ingredient
Fish stew always comes to the rescue on “no meal idea days, the tasty blend of pepper with your favorite kind of fish can be served with almost every kind of meal. Well-seasoned fish stew tastes really good, it’s a must have in your fridge.
1 kg fresh tomatoes or canned tomato puree
100g tinned tomato paste
1 litre vegetable oil
300g fresh fish
2 or 3 medium bulbs onions
5 habanero peper (atarodo)
2 knorr cubes
Thyme
Curry (1 teaspoon each)
Salt to taste

Preparation
First blend the tomatoes, peppers and onions. If you are making use of the thick tomato paste, simply dilute it a bit in little water and set aside.
Pour the blended tomatoes into a pot and let it boil until the consistency is thicker and the excess water is dried up.
In another pot, add the cleaned cut fresh fish, add a little water, thyme, curry, 1 stock cube and salt to taste. Parboil for 2 minutes, this helps to toughen the skin of the fish and get the fish tasty. You can also marinate the fish with these spices overnight or for about 1 hour, if you’ll rather not parboil the fish. After 2mins, take out the fish from the pot and reserve the liquid (fish stock).
Now, heat up the vegetable oil, add some onions (optional, because the blended tomatoes already has onions). Add the dried tomatoes, the diluted tinned tomatoes and fry for about 25mins or until the tomato loses its sour taste. Stir constantly to prevent burning at the bottom.
Add the fish stock and cook for 10mins
Next, add the parboiled fish, stock cube and salt to taste. Cover and leave to simmer until the fish is properly cooked. 

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE ABAK ATAMA SOUP

ABAK ATAMA SOUP
Ingredients
Beef (1/2 kilo)
Fresh or smoked fish (1medium size)
Cow skin (10 medium pieces)
Stock fish head (1 medium head)
1 cup of periwinkle in shell
1 small bunch of atama leaves
Palm fruit
3 tablespoons of ground crayfish
Uyayak (local spice)
1 knorr cube
2 ½ litres of water (for extraction of the oily liquid)
Salt to taste
Pepper.

Preparation
Wash periwinkles thoroughly. Then wash and boil the palm fruits for about 30 minutes. Strain off the water and pound the palm fruit until the pulp/fibre separates from the nuts.
Boil some clean water and add to the pounded palm fruit and mix thoroughly to separate the oily extract from the rest of the pulp, then strain off the oily extract.
Wash, cut up and season your meat with salt, knorr cube and small pepper, then steam for about 5 minutes on low heat. The add about 1 ½ cups of water and the stock fish head and continue boiling for about 20 minutes till the meat is almost cooked, and remove from heat.
Cut the atama leaves into very fine pieces. Pound them for about 10mins till the leaves are finely pounded. Then place the oily extract on the burner and allow boiling for about 5mins to remove all moisture.
Add cooked meat and washed smoked fish, meat stock, periwinkle, crayfish pepper and knorr and uyayak. Stir and allow boiling for about 10 minutes. Add the atama leaves and boil without stirring for another 10mins. Stir and add salt to taste.
Allow to simmer for another 15-10minutes or until slightly thick. Remove from heat and serve with pounded yam, garri or cassava fufu.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE EFO RIRO SOUP

EFO RIRO SOUP
Known to originate from the Yoruba land, efo riro is a rich vegetable mean which can be eaten with garri, rice and yam.

Ingredients
4 bunches of spinach
6 medium fresh tomatoes
1 medium onion
1 yellow scotch bonnet also called yellow atarodo (optional)
1 table spoon locust beans/iru (optional)
4 fish cutlets (any white fish)
2 table spoons ground crayfish
1 cup of chicken stock
50g smoked haddock or smoked mackerel
100ml palm oil
2 knorr cubes

Preparation
Boil 2 cups of water; dissolve a seasoning cube and spinach for no than 1 minute. Drain and allow to rest. Alternatively, place spinach leaves in a food bag, and blanch in the microwave for 1-2 minutes
Make the base sauce by coarsely blending onion, tomatoes, scotch bonnet (if using), and locust beans. Heat palm oil in a pot and add blend. Add stock and stir. Allow to boil for about 10 minutes, then add ground crayfish and continue to cook. Check salt. Add the fish cutlets and allow cooking for another 5 minutes, then adding the smoked haddock/mackerel, adding 1 knorr cube, then stirring.
Then add the blanched spinach. Stir well to mix sauce with spinach. Cover and simmer for another 2-3 minutes or till the fish is cooked.
Best served with pounded yam but can also be served with rice, amala, garri etc.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE MIYAN TAUSHE SOUP

MIYAN TAUSHE SOUP
Ingredients
A great blend of groundnut and pumpkin leaves spiced with pepper, dawadawa (or iru) and knorr cubes. It is enjoyed best with tuwo shinkafa
1 small sized pumpkin
½ cup of raw groundnut you can substitute with groundnut paste
Assorted namaa
Goat mean and cow leg
Assorted offals – saki
Fuku, heat and kidney
1 piece of smoked fish
¼ cup of locust beans (Iru)
2 pieces of habanero pepper (ata rodo/atarugu)
100g of yakuwa leaves (sorrel)
1 bunch of spinach
1 cooking spoon of palm oil – optional
1 piece of tatashe (red bell pepper/jan tatasei)
2 piece of tomatoes
1 albasa – onion
Knorr cube
Gishiri – salt

Preparation
Cut the pumpkin into half then proceed to cut into chunks. Peel the hard outer layer, take out the seeds and the hairy pulp
Boil and season the pumpkin with the assorted meats and smoked fish.
Take out the meats and fry slightly (optional). Meanwhile, mash the cooked pumpkin to a pulp in the pot containing the beef stock. You can choose to mash all the pumpkin chunks to a pulp or mash some whilst leaving the others in tiny bite sized pieces. Once this is done, set aside.
Roast the groundnut with the skin on for 3 minutes in a pan. Peel the skin and grind the groundnut till it is smooth
Blend the ingredients for the pepper (tomatoes, onion, scotch bonnet/habanero pepper and bell pepper) and reduce it till most of the water content has evaporated.
Put the fried meat back into the pot containing beef stock and mashed pumpkin. Let it cook till the stock starts to bubble up. Lower the heat, add the groundnut paste, sir and let it also dissolve.
Add the locust beans (or Iru) and 1½ cooking spoons of the reduced pepper, and palm oil (if you are using). Stir and let it blend with the stock.
This rich pumpkin soup will be watery at first. Let it simmer on low heat till it thickens, thereby intensifying the flavor. Taste for salt and seasoning. Wash and chop the spinach, then add to the pot.
Rinse the yakuwa leaves, chop and add to the soup. Give it two minutes and serve with tuwo shinkafa.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE OHA

OHA
Oha Soup is a delicacy from the eastern part of Nigeria. The leaf has a mouth-watering aromatic flavor and the taste is absolutely delectable

Ingredients
1 kg meat
6 cups stock
½ cup Oha leaves, chopped
100g cocoyam (small specie), mashed
400g of dried fish
1 seasoning cube
Fresh chilli pepper to taste
1 bulb onions, chopped
1 cup crayfish, ground
200g softened stock fish
200g kpomo
2 cups periwinkle
3 tbsp palm oil
Salt to taste

Direction
Wash all the ingredients properly and keep them separately in clean bowls or tray
Season your meat and boil to get out your stock
Cook the periwinkle with salt and wash properly when it boils
When the meat is almost soft, add the stock fish and kpomo
Add about 4 cups water
When the water starts to boil, scoop in the mashed cocoyam to thicken it
Add the palm oil, dried fish, pepper, crayfish and periwinkle
Cook for about 20mins for it to thicken
Add the Oha leaves and salt to taste

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE EWEDU

EWEDU
Ewedu soup is mostly eaten by the Yorubas but it is increasingly being appreciated by other ethnic groups.

Ingredients
200g Ewedu leaves
1 tsp of potash (optional)
A pinch of salt
1 seasoning cube

Stew
Directions
Nicely pick just the leaves (no stem allowed) of the ewedu and wash properly with a lot of water to remove any sand left on it
Boil the ewedu leaves in a pot for about 15minutes
Add the potash to help in softening it, a pinch of salt and the seasoning cube
When it is soft, you can use the local broom to whisk it or you blend  it with a blender
Serve it with stew and Amala.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE WHITE SOUP

WHITE SOUP
White soup is a delicious and easy to prepare dish prepared by thickening your stock with mashed yam. It is enjoyed by many tribes in the country though it does not consist leafy vegetables.

Ingredients
1 kg chicken/goat meat/fish
400g dried fish
1 ½ cups crayfish (ground)
6 chilli pepper
2 seasoning cubes
1 onion bulb
Salt to taste
3 cups mashed yam
Medium size uyayak

Directions
Goat meat is preferred by many for this dish and if using fish, it does not take time to 3cook so be observant so the fish does not scatter.
Wash all the ingredients properly and keep them separately in clean bowls or tray
Season your meat and boil to get out your stock
When the meat is soft, add about 4 cups water
When the water starts to boil, scoop in the mashed yam to thicken it
Add the dried fish, crayfish, uyayak and seasoning cube
Cook for about 15mind for it to thicken
Add salt to taste 

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE OKRO SOUP

OKRO SOUP
Okro soup is one of the most popular draw soups enjoying in almost every part of Nigeria. Okro is also globally known as lady fingers and is rich in protein. It is very nutritious when combined with pumpkin leaves and is one of the first soups children.

Ingredients
1 kg beef/chicken/goat meet
3 cups pumpkin leaves (ugwu) / spinach, nicely chopped
400g okro, chopped or pounded
400g dried fish
300g stockfish
300g kpomo
1 ½ cups crayfish (ground)
8 chilli pepper
2 cups periwinkle
3 Seasoning cubes
2 cups palm oil
1 onions
Salt to taste

Directions
Wash all the ingredient properly
Season and boil the meat to obtain the broth
When the meat is almost soft, add the stockfish and kpomo
Boil your periwinkle in salt water and wash properly
Add about 6cups of water when the stockfish, meat and kpomo are soft
Bring to a boil
Add the grated okro and palm oil and cook for about 5 minutes.
Add the chopped pumpkin leaves, crayfish and seasoning cubes
Boil for another 3 minutes and add salt taste

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITEOFE OWERRI

OFE OWERRI
Ofe owerri is a highly nutritious vegetable soup usually flavoured with aromatic Oha and uziza leaves.

Ingredients:
Beef 8 medium pieces, smoked fish (Asa) 2 medium size, stock fish 4 medium size, snail (washed) 6 pieces-isam (periwinkle out of shell) 1 cup, ukazi leaves (shredded) 2 cups, ugu 2 small bunch, smoked prawns 1 cup, dry pepper 1 tablespoon, onion 1 small bulb, cocoyam (red type) 4 medium size, palm oil 2 cooking spoons, maggi cube 2 maggi crayfish cube 2, water 2 litres, salt to taste.

Ingredients:
Meat
Ugu leaves
Stock fish
periwinkle
Palm oil
ukazi
Pepper
onions
Cocoyam
prawns
Maggi
snail

Method
Wash the beef and season with onion, one maggi cube and salt.
Allow to steam till juice dries up.
Add 2 cups of water, snail and stock fish, continue cooking till the stock fish is soft and the meat is cooked.
Pick, wash and shred the ugu leaves.
Wash the fish thoroughly.
Add the fish and isam to the meat pot and add the remaining water.
Peel and wash the cocoyam.
Cut each into two pieces and pot, continue cooking until is cooked.
Remove the cooked cocoyam and pound and return to the pot as a thickener.
Add the maggi crayfish, pepper and palm oil.
Stir and allow cooking for about 6 minutes.
Stir and add salt to taste.
Remove from burner and serve with pounded yam or pounded yam or cassava fufu.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE BANGA SOUP 1

BANGA SOUP 1
Banga soup is a soup made from the sauce squeezed from palm fruit (elaeis guineensis) and incredibly highly rich in nutritional value.

Ingredients:
500g /l1b assorted part of meat, 225g /80z stock fish (presoaked), 225g /80z bush meat (washed), 1kg/2ib oil-palm nuts, 225g/ 80z ground crayfish,1pt stock or water, 225g /80z ground melon, 100g /40z ground pepper, 1 onion (sliced), salt to taste.
Cow foot
Cow tail
Ox kidney
Bush meat
Pomo (cow skin)
Goat tripe (towel)
Chicken gizzard
Stock fish
Ground melon
Palmnuts (banga)
Onions
Pepper

Methods:
Place the wash meat in a large pot, add a  drop of water or stock season with salt and ground pepper and boil for 30 minutes or until tender.
Add the smoked fish stock fish, cook for another 10 minutes. Prepare the oil-palm nut to extract the oil by boiling the washing nuts for 20 minutes until soft. Remove from water and pound to remove the oil. Pass through a sieve to separate the kernels from the chaff.
Pour the strained pulp into the meat together with sliced peppers onion’s tomatoes puree and ground melon.
Sprinkle in the crayfish and cook for 15 minutes until the soup is fairly reduced and thickened to coat the back of spoon.
Check seasoning and serve with pounded yam (iyan) or Usin / egun obobo (starch and plantain pudding).

Note:
Fresh fish crayfish and shrimps could be used instead of meat with a small amount of sliced okra added instead of ground melon. Freshly washed bitter leaf could also be added.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE EGUSI SOUP (MELON SOUP)

EGUSI SOUP (MELON SOUP)
Egusi soup is a kind of soup thickened with the ground egusi seed and we have the friend and the unfriend egusi soup.

FRIED EGUSI SOUP
Ingredient
Egusi
Meat/fish
Pepper
Palm oil
Tomatoes
Onions
Maggi
Salt
Water
Ugu
Biter leaf
kpomo

Methods:
Dry your cooking pot; add palm oil heat for 2-3minutes.
Add onion and allow to heat for about 20 seconds and add the grounded melon (Egusi) that is mix with little water stir well and leave on fire for 5minutes. Stir again. To form more balls.
Add you grinded, pepper, tomatoes, and crayfish and stir again cover to cook for 5minutes.
Add meat and fish. Kpomo etc. and stir add salt and magi to taste.
Add the pumpkin vegetable (ugu) cook for 5minute.
Finally add your bitter leaf and simmer for 2minutes. Then put out heat and serve.

UNFRIED EGUSI SOUP
Ingredient
Egusi
Meat/fish
Pepper
Palm oil
Tomatoes
Onions
Maggi
Salt
Water
Ugu
Biter leaf
kpomo

Methods:
Grind the melon, tomatoes, fresh pepper and cray fish, mix together
Boil your meat/fish and kpomo etc. and collect the water
Dry your cooking pot; add palm oil and heat.
Add onion, a little bit of salt, add water and mix the grinded melon, fresh pepper, tomatoes, and crayfish and stir together
Add water from the boiled meat/fish and cook for some times to thicker.
Add meat and fish. Kpomo and cook further.
Add your salt and magi to taste.
Add the pumpkin vegetable leaves (ugu) cook for a minute.
Finally add your washed bitter leaf and simmer for 2minutes. (Add salt and maggi if necessary).
Then put out heat and serve.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE OGBONO SOUP 1

Ogbono soup is a Nigerian dish made with ground ogbono seeds and has 2 method of cooking ogbono soup:
The fried method and
The unfried method.
Fried method
Ingredients:
Grinded ogbono,
okro,
pumpkin leave (ugu),
meat,
dried fish,
crayfish,
palm oil,
onion,
salt,
kpomo,
maggi,
bitter leaf (optional),
Locust bean (lru, ogiri) (optional).

Method
Boil the meat, stock fish, dried fish, and kpomo in a large pot adding onion, salt and maggi.
Dry pots on the fire add palm oil and heat a bit add little onion and the grinded ogbono and stir well to form a drawing paste.
Add the water from the boil meat/fish, stir thoroughly, and cook for 5minutes to 10minutes.
Add the meat/fish pepper, crayfish salt and maggi if necessary boil for 5minutes to 10minutes.
Add the pumpkin leave, boil for 3minutes add bitter leaf allow of cook for 2-3minutes.
Taste, and put out heat and serve.

Unfried method
Ingredients:
Grinded ogbono,
okro,
pumpkin leave (ugu),
meat,
dried fish,
crayfish,
palm oil,
onion,
salt,
kpomo,
maggi,
bitter leaf (optional),
Locust bean (lru, ogiri) (optional).

Methods:
Boil your meat/fish etc.
Add grinded pepper and stir you can add water if the water is not enough. Bring to boil add more maggi and salt if necessary.
In a separate bowl pour in your grinded ogbono add palm oil in measured quantities and stir with spoon.
 Place the bowl in the boiling ingredient; don’t allow the water to enter the bowl. When the ogbono will melt.
Add it to the boiling ingredient and stir. Leave to cook for 8minutes then add your pumpkin allow to cook for 3minutes. Taste and put out heat and serve.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE AFANG (OKZI) SOUP 1

AFANG (OKZI) SOUP 1
Afang soup is a traditional Nigeria soup made from the leaves the forest plant called (cinetum African known as afang or okazi).

Ingredient:
Meat
Chille pepper (grounded pepper)
Onion
Periwinkle (optional)
Dried fish
Afang leave (okazi) (pound with motar)
Water leaf,
dried prawn
Salt
Maggi
Shaki (cow tripe)
Snail (optional)
Cray fish
Ugu
Kpomo
Palm oil
Stock fish

Method
Wash and clean your stock fish properly and boil, then add already seasoned and boiled meat and cook for 15minutes.
Add onions and chillle pepper
Reduce heat, cover to simmer
In a separate pan bring a few cups of lightly salted water to boil place the periwinkles in the boiling water cover and cook for 5minutes.
Add the properly cleaned periwinkles, dried fish and water leaf to the pot of stock fish, coker and cook for several minutes.
Add pounded afang leaves with crushed dried prawn, add palm oil, and cook for 7minutes till greens are complete soft and tender.

AFANG (OKAZI) SOUP 2
Afang soup is a traditional Nigerian stew made from the leaves of the forest plant centum Africanism, known as afang or okazi.

Ingredients:
1 pound meat, clean and cut into bite-sized pieces, 1 hot chille pepper, 1 onion, chopped, several periwinkles, 2 pieces dried fish, 2 pound afang leaves (cleaned) pounded with motor and pestle,1 pound waterleaf (cleaned and torn into piece), 1 cup dried prawn(pounded), 1 cup red palm oil, stock fish.
Meat
Chilli pepper
Palm oil
Periwinkle
Crayfish
Onions
Dried fish
Fang leaves
Pepper
Water leaf
Stock fish.

Methods
Get a clean pot, wash and clean your stock fish properly and boil, then add already seasoned and boiled meat and simmer for 5 minutes.
Add onion and chilies pepper. Reduce heat, cover, to simmer.
In a separate pan bring a few cups of lightly salted water to a boil.
Place the periwinkles in the boiling water. Cover and cook for 5 minutes.
Remove snails from water; use a small fork to remove the snails from their shells. Rinse the snail meat in cool water. Drain and sprinkle with lime or lemon juice.
Add the properly cleaned periwinkles, dried fish and waterleaf to the pot of stock fish. Cover and simmer for several minutes.
Add properly cleaned periwinkles, dried fish and water leaf to the pot of stock fish. Cover and simmer for several minutes.
Add pounded afang leaves with crushed dried prawns, add palm oil and simmer for 5 minutes till greens are completely soft and tender.    
It’s best eaten with fufu, pounded yam, or eba.

Paprika is a ground spice made from red air-dried fruits of the larger and sweeter varieties of the plant Capsicum annuum, called bell pepper or sweet pepper.

Farro is a food composed of the grains of certain wheat species, sold dried and prepared by cooking in water until soft, but still crunchy. People eat it plain, and often use it as an ingredient in salads, soups, and other dishes.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR FAVORITE EDIKANG IKONG SOUP 1

EDIKANG IKONG SOUP 1
Edikang ikong soup is a deliciously rich Africa vegetable soup this is mainly Calabar soup.

Ingredients:
Beef (meat),
kpomo,
stock fish,
crayfish,
(grounded) dry fish periwinkles (optional),
dry prawns,
onion,
ugu (pumpkin leaves),
water leaf,
palm oil,
salt,
pepper,
Maggi.
Shaki (cow tripe)
Snail (optional).

Method
Wash the meat thoroughly and place in a large pot. Add some slice onions, grounded paper and some stock (water). Cook for at least 25minutes meanwhile remove the meat from shells and wash. With lime to remove slime.

Wash the smoked dry fish with salt and soak in lightly salt water for 15mins to kill any insect and loosen any sand, rinse thoroughly with lots of water.

Top and tail the periwinkles and wash thoroughly.

Add the snails, stock fish, dry-fish, dry-fish dry prawn, kpomo and periwinkles to the pot of meat and cook for a further 15mins if required.

Finally add the shredded ugu (Pumpkin leaves) and water leaf mix very well.

Allow to simmer for 15 minutes then add the crayfish and palm oil.

Give it a good stir and gently simmer for 10minutes until well blended and the aroma fills the kitchen.